Since their inception in 1990, H-1B visas have provided an avenue through which the United States could fill critical shortage areas with skilled international workers. The number of H-1B visas provided was capped by Congress with an additional 20,000 visas reserved for international students who graduate from a US institution with a master's or doctoral degree. A full history of the program, including data from recent years, is available on the American Immigration Council website.
In 2025, the Trump administration announced several changes to the H-1B visa rules, including raising the typical $2,000-$4,000 in fees to a proposed $100,000 cost to employers to apply. In 2025, the Council on Foreign Relations published a deep dive into the changes and their potential effect on the economy. Since that time, the administration has published additional rules, including one that raises the minimum wage employers must pay an H-1B visa worker.